Sandfly Surveillance and Vector Control
Sandfly surveillance and vector control are essential components of Sri Lanka's national response, as the disease is transmitted through infected female Phlebotomus argentipes sandflies. The current entomological surveillance is limited and must be systematically strengthened.
Sandfly Surveillance
Surveillance includes:
- Mapping vector distribution in all endemic and newly emerging areas
- Monitoring breeding and resting sites (cracks, animal sheds, damp walls, organic waste)
- Outdoor and indoor sandfly collection
- Insecticide susceptibility testing
- Detection of natural Leishmania infection in vectors using microscopy or PCR
The AMC is implementing a new entomological surveillance plan under the NSP (2024–2028), with formal training for entomology staff and improved reporting formats.
Vector Control Measures
Because sandflies are small and can pass through normal mosquito nets, vector control requires specific targeted approaches:
Personal Protection
- Wearing long-sleeved clothing, trousers, or sarongs
- Using insecticide repellents on exposed skin
- Using fine-mesh bed nets or long-lasting insecticide-treated nets
- Avoiding outdoor exposure from dusk to dawn, the peak biting time
Household and Environmental Measures
- Clearing vegetation and undergrowth around homes
- Cleaning animal shelters and keeping them away from houses
- Proper waste disposal (reducing decaying organic matter)
- Plastering cracks and crevices in walls
- Maintaining a buffer zone near scrub jungles
Integrated Vector Management (IVM)
The nation's IVM priorities:
- Development of a national IVM strategy
- Procurement of entomological equipment
- Regular spraying and environmental management
- Capacity building for all field health and entomology staff
- Community participation as a core component of vector control